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CBSE Solutions Class 10 Social Science Civics Democracy and Diversity
Page No. 37
Exercises
Q1. Discuss three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions.
Answer: The three factors that determine the outcomes of politics of social divisions:
- The outcome depends on how people perceive their identities. If people see their identities in singular and exclusive terms, it becomes very difficult to accommodate.
- It depends on how political leaders raise the demands of any community, It is easier to accommodate demands that are within the constitutional framework and are not at the cost of another community.
- It depends on how the government reacts to the demands of different groups.
Q2. When does a social difference become a social division?
Answer: A social difference becomes a social division when it overlaps with some other social difference. For example, the Whites were rich and powerful and the Blacks were poor and homeless and discriminated against. When one kind of social difference becomes more important than the other, then it leads to division.
Q3. How do social divisions affect politics? Give two examples.
Answer: A combination of social divisions and politics can be really dangerous. A democracy involves competition among various political parties. As their competition tends to divide society, if they start competing in terms of some existing social divisions, then it can convert those social divisions into political divisions, which can lead to conflict, violence and even disintegration of the country. An example of this is the disintegration of Yugoslavia into six independent countries.
However, the combination of social divisions and politics is not always negative. The political expression of social divisions allows marginalised and disadvantaged social groups to express their grievances and ask the government to rectify them. The system of reservation of seats in Indian legislatures for the socially disadvantaged has allowed such social groups to have an adequate representation in the decision-making process.
Q4. ____ social differences create possibilities of deep social divisions and tensions. ____ social differences do not usually lead to conflicts.
Answer:
Overlapping
Cross-cutting
Q5. In dealing with social divisions which one of the following statements is NOT correct about democracy?
(a) Due to political competition in a democracy, social divisions get reflected in politics.
(b) In a democracy it is possible for communities to voice their grievances in a peaceful manner.
(c) Democracy is the best way to accommodate social diversity.
(d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.
Answer: (d) Democracy always leads to disintegration of society on the basis of social divisions.
Q6. Consider the following three statements.
A) Social divisions take place when social differences overlap.
B) It is possible that a person can have multiple identities.
C) Social divisions exist in only big countries like India.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B and C
(b) A and B
(c) B and C
(d) Only C
Answer: (b) A and B
Q7. Arrange the following statements in a logical sequence and select the right answers by using the code given below.
A) But all political expression of social divisions need not be always dangerous.
B) Social divisions of one kind or the other exist in most countries.
C) Parties try to win political support by appealing to social divisions.
D) Some social differences may result in social divisions.
(a) D, B, C, A
(b) D, B, A, C
(c) D, A, C, B
(d) A, B, C, D
Answer: (a) D, B, C, A
Q8. Among the following, which country suffered disintegration due to political fights on the basis of religious and ethnic identities?
(a) Belgium
(b) India
(c) Yugoslavia
(d) Netherlands
Answer: (c) Yugoslavia
Q9. Read the following passage from a famous speech by Martin Luther king Jr. in 1963. Which social division is he talking about? What are his aspirations and anxieties? Do you see a relationship between this speech and the incident in Mexico Olympics mentioned in this chapter?
“I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character. Let freedom ring – when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children – back men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics – will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: ‘Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!’ I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘we hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal’.”
Answer: He is talking about racism in the US. He is referring to the segregation policies adopted by the whites towards the coloured people. He aspires for a country where there will be security for all, where racial abuse will not occur, and where everyone will be treated equally regardless of their skin colour. The above speech and the incident at the Mexico Olympics are both part of a movement that wanted to focus on the difficulties faced by the African-American people.
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