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CBSE Solutions Class 10 Social Science Economics Sectors of Indian Economy
Page No. 35
Excercises
Q1. Fill in the blanks using the correct option given in the bracket:
(i) Employment in the service sector increased to the same extent as production. (has / has not)
(ii) Workers in the sector do not produce goods. (tertiary / agricultural)
(iii) Most of the workers in the sector enjoy job security. (organised / unorganised)
(iv) A proportion of labourers in India are working in the unorganised sector. (large / small)
(v) Cotton is a product and cloth is a product. (natural / manufactured)
(vi) The activities in primary, secondary and tertiary sectors are _. (independent /interdependent)
Answer: (i) has not
(ii) tertiary
(iii) organised
(iv) large
(v) natural
(vi) interdependent
Q2. Choose the most appropriate answer.
(a) The sectors are classified into public and private sector on the basis of:
(i) employment conditions
(ii) the nature of economic activity
(iii) ownership of enterprises
(iv) number of workers employed in the enterprise
Answer: (iii) ownership of enterprises
(b) Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in __ sector.
(i) primary
(ii) secondary
(iii) tertiary
(iv) information technology
Answer: (i) primary
(c) GDP is the total value of _ produced during a particular year.
(i) all goods and services
(ii) all final goods and services
(iii) all intermediate goods and services
(iv) all intermediate and final goods and services
Answer: (ii) all final goods and services
(d) In terms of GDP the share of tertiary sector in 2003 is _
(i) between 20 per cent to 30 per cent
(ii) between 30 per cent to 40 per cent
(iii) between 50 per cent to 60 per cent
(iv) 70 per cent
Answer: (iii) between 50 per cent to 60 per cent
Q3. Match the following:
Problems faced by farming sector Some possible measures
| 1. Unirrigated land 2. Low prices for crops 3. Debt burden 4. No job in the off season 5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest | (a) Setting up agro-based mills (b) Cooperative marketing societies (c) Procurement of food grains by government (d) Construction of canals by the government (e) Banks to provide credit with low interest |
Answer: Problems faced by farming sector Some possible measures
| 1. Unirrigated land 2. Low prices for crops 3. Debt burden 4. No job in the off season 5. Compelled to sell their grains to the local traders soon after harvest | (d) Construction of canals by the government (c) Procurement of food grains by government (e) Banks to provide credit with low interest (a) Setting up agro-based mills (b) Cooperative marketing societies |
Q4. Find the odd one out and say why.
(i) Tourist guide, dhobi, tailor, potter
(ii) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer
(iii) Postman, cobbler, soldier, police constable
(iv) MTNL, Indian Railways, Air India, SAHARA Airlines, All India Radio
Answer: (ii) Teacher, doctor, vegetable vendor, lawyer
Q5. A research scholar looked at the working people in the city of Surat and found the following.
Place of Work Nature of Employment Percentage of working People
In offices and factories registered with the government Organised 15
Own shops, office, clinics in
marketplaces with formal license 15
People working on the street,
construction workers, domestic workers 20
Working in small workshops
usually not registered with the government
Complete the table. What is the percentage of workers in the unorganised sector in this city?
Answer:
Place of Work Nature of Employment Percentage of working People
In offices and factories registered with the government Organised 15
Own shops, office, clinics in marketplaces with formal license Organised 15
People working on the street, construction workers, domestic workers Unorganised 20
Working in small workshops usually not registered with the government Unorganised 50
Q6. Do you think the classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary is useful? Explain how.
Answer: The classification of economic activities into primary, secondary and tertiary sectors is useful due to the reasons as mentioned below :
(i) It shows the employment conditions:The classification of economic activities show the employment conditions in different sectors. For example, in a developing country like India, most of the people are engaged in the primary sector which is also called agriculture and related sector. On the other hand, in the developed countries, like USA most people are employed in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(ii) For Government Planning:The classification of economic activities also helps the government to take steps so that more and more people are employed in non-agricultural sectors, particularly tertiary sector because this sector helps in the development of the primary and secondary sectors.
(iii) To know contribution of the people:Economic activities performed by different groups of people, their percentage and their contribution in G.D.P. Knowing the G.D.P. position:We come to know G.D.P. position through graphs and data of these sectors and their share in percentage.
Q7. For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter why should one focus on employment and GDP? Could there be other issues which should be examined? Discuss.
Answer: For each of the sectors that we came across in this chapter, one should focus on employment and GDP because these determine the size of a country’s economy. A focus on employment and GDP helps determine two important things—per capita income and productivity. Hence, in each of the three sectors, employment rate and status as well as its contribution to the GDP help us understand how that particular sector is functioning and what needs to be done to initiate further growth in it.
Q8. Make a long list of all kinds of work that you find adults around you doing for a living. In what way can you classify them? Explain your choice.
Answer: The activities in which adults around us are engaged in are— farming, manufacturing, lawyer, washerman, cobbler, weaving, hair cutting, financing, transportation, street vending, teaching, carpentry, moneylending, courier, call centre employee, engineer, dairy, fishing, forestry, growing cotton, etc. These activities can be classified as follows:
- Primary sector — farming, dairy, growing cotton, forestry, fishing.
- Secondary sector – manufacturing.
- Tertiary sector – hair cutting, finance, transportation, street vending, teaching, moneylending, courier, call centre employee, engineer, lawyer, washerman, cobbler
Q9. How is the tertiary sector different from other sectors? Illustrate with a few examples.
Answer: The tertiary sector is different from other 2 sectors because the other two sectors produce goods, the only difference is that this sector does not manufacture goods by themselves. The activities under this sector helps in developing the primary and secondary sectors. These activities support the manufacturing process.
Example: communication, banking, storage, insurance, transport, trade etc. Hence, these are called the service sector.
Q10. What do you understand by disguised unemployment? Explain with an example each from the urban and rural areas.
Answer: Disguised unemployment is a form of underemployment where one has a job but the work is divided. It is not apparent as compared to someone without a job who is clearly unemployed.
In rural areas, this can be seen in the farming community where all members of a family might be working on a farm even though so many hands are not required. They do so because of the lack of another job.
In urban areas, disguised unemployment can be seen in the service sector where painters, plumbers, repair-persons and those doing odd jobs have work but they may not find daily or regular employment.
Q11. Distinguish between open unemployment and disguised unemployment.
Answer: Open unemployment is when a person is willing to work, is educated but is unable to get a job and work. This kind of unemployment is visible. On the other hand, disguised unemployment is when a person is apparently working but is made to work less than his or her potential. This kind of employment is quite evident in villages where people working in farms consider themselves employed but are actually working less than their potential.
Q12.“Tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy.” Do you agree? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer: No, I do not agree with the statement that tertiary sector is not playing any significant role in the development of Indian economy. The tertiary sector has contributed vastly to the Indian economy, especially in the last two decades. In the last decade, the field of information technology has grown, and consequently, the GDP share of the tertiary sector has grown from around 40% in 1973 to more than 50% in 2003.
Q13. Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people. Who are these?
Answer: Service sector in India employs two different kinds of people as mentioned below :
- There are highly skilled and educated workers such as teachers and doctors.
- On the other hand, a large number of workers are engaged in services such as small shopkeepers, repair persons etc. who barely manage to earn a living. They perform these services because they do not have any other work to do.
Q14. Workers are exploited in the unorganised sector. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer: Yes, I agree with this view that workers are exploited in the unorganised sector.
The reasons:
(i)The unorganised sector is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government.
(ii)There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. Jobs here are low-paid and often not regular.
(iii)There is no provision for overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness etc. Employment is not secure.
(iv)People can be asked to leave without any reason. When there is less work, such as during some seasons, some people may be asked to leave.
(v)A lot also depends on the whims of the employer.
Q15. How are the activities in the economy classified on the basis of employment conditions?
Answer: On the basis of employment conditions, the activities in the economy are classified into-
(i) Organised sector, and
(ii) Unorganised sector
(i) Organised sector: This sector covers those enterprises or places of work which are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulations. For example, Reliance Industries Ltd.
(ii) Unorganised sector: This sector includes those small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed. For example, workers in the garment factory, shops, etc.
Q16. Compare the employment conditions prevailing in the organised and unorganised sectors.
Answer: Employment conditions in the organised and unorganised sectors are quite different.
- The organised sector consists of companies registered under government, so it offers job security, paid holidays, pension, health and other benefits, fixed working hours and extra pay for overtime work.
- Unorganised sector is a host of opportunities, there is no job security as well.
- No paid holidays or pensions or retirement, no benefits of provident fund or health insurance, no fixed work timings and no guarantee of a hygienic work environment.
Q17. Explain the objective of implementing the NREGA 2005.
Answer: The objective of implementing the NREGA 2005 was to provide 100 days of guaranteed employment to those people in rural India who can work, and are in need of work. This Right to Work has been implemented in 200 districts. If the government is unable to provide this employment, then it has to give unemployment allowances to the people.
Q18. Using examples from your area compare and contrast that activities and functions of private and public sectors.
Answer: n the private sector, the assets and industries are owned by individuals and in the public sectors industries and enterprises are owned by the Government. Private sector works to earn profits and the public sector works to provide facilities to the public and to earn profits. The common examples of the public sector that we can see around us are Government Banks, Post Offices, municipal hospital and Indian railways. The common examples of the private sector that we can see around us are IT companies, malls and multiplexes, etc.
Q19. Discuss and fill the following table giving one example each from your area.
Well managed organisation Badly managed organisation
Public Sector
Private Sector
Answer: Well managed organisation Badly managed organisation
Public Sector Air India, Indian Railways FCI, DDI, DTC, etc.
Private Sector Reliance Industries Ltd, Tata Consultancy Services, etc. Vyapam etc.
Q20. Give a few examples of public sector activities and explain why the government has taken them up.
Answer: The public sector activities are set for the betterment of the public itself. The reason the government has taken up the public sector is so that proper facilities can be provided to the people of the country. Banks, transport, irrigation, electricity, water and all the basic things that are necessary for people, come under the public sector. Providing these facilities to its citizens is the responsibility of the Government.
Q21. Explain how the public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation.
Answer: In the following ways Public sector contributes to the economic development of a nation:
- It promotes rapid economic development through creation and expansion of infrastructure,
- It creates employment opportunities,
- It generates financial resources for development,
- It is ensuring equality of income, wealth and thus, a balanced regional development,
- It encourages development of small. medium and cottage industries,
- It ensures easy availability of goods at moderate rates,
- Contributes to community development i.e. to the Human Development Index (HDI) via health and educational services.
Q22. The workers in the unorganised sector need protection on the following issues : wages, safety and health. Explain with examples.
Answer: Workers in the unorganised sector require protection in terms of wages. labourers who are employed as vendors or repair men etc. do not have fixed income. They hardly get employed throughout the year.
Safety: Workers in the unorganised sector are not provided with safe drinking water or a clean environment. Example: Working in mining, chemical industries is hazardous.
Health: Leave is not granted if there is a health issue. Medical aid is not available, e.g., Construction workers.
Q23. A study in Ahmedabad found that out of 15,00,000 workers in the city, 11,00,000 worked in the unorganised sector. The total income of the city in this year (1997-1998) was Rs 60,000 million. Out of this Rs 32,000 million was generated in the organised sector. Present this data as a table. What kind of ways should be thought of for generating more employment in the city?
Answer:
Total Workers Workers in Unorganised Sector Total Income of City (1997-1998) Income generated by organised sector Income generated by unorganised sector
15,00,000 11,00,000 60,000 million 32,000 million 28,000 million
Q24. The following table gives the GDP in Rupees (Crores) by the three sectors:
(i) Calculate the share of the three sectors in GDP for 2000 and 2013.
(ii) Show the data as a bar diagram similar to Graph 2 in the chapter.
(iii) What conclusions can we draw from the bar graph?
Answer: Do Yourself
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