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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Sociology Chapter wise
Q1. Choose any topic that is of interest to you and discuss how you think globalisation has affected it. You could choose cinema, work, marriage or any other topic.
Answer: Here we have choosen cinema as the topic which is being affected by the globalisation. Cinema: Indian cinema is one of the largest cinema industry in the world and it also has been affected by globalisation. It has. affected our ways of thinking, ways of behaviour and moreover our culture.
These days, Hollywood films are becoming an inspirational force for Bollywood producers and they are making their films on the tracks of Hollywood cinema. These days, more and more technology is being used in our films. Animated films, action scenes, hew types of weapons and vehicles are some of the features which our cinema takes from Hollywood. Advancements have been made in photography, cameras, musical instruments, making of films and all these have happened because of the impact of globalisation.
These days, Indian films are not only released in India but they are released worldwide. Many Indian films have traded more overseas as compared to India and all this has happened because of globalisation. Many producers are making films while keeping in mind the overseas audience and this has happened because of globalisation. In this way, we can say that Indian cinema has been greatly affected by globalisation.
Q2. What are the distinctive features of a globalised economy ? Discuss.
Answer: The distinctive features of a Global Economy are:
- Globalisation refers to the growing interdependence between different peoples, regions and countries in the world as social and economic relationships come to stretch world-wide.
- Although economic forces are an integral part of globalization, it would be wrong to suggest that they alone produce it.
Globalisation involves a stretching of social and economic relationship throughout the world. This stretching is pushed by certain economic policies very broadly. This process in India is termed liberalization. The term liberalization refers to a range of policy decisions that the Indian state took since 1991 to open up the Indian economy to the world market. This marked a break with an earlier stated policy of the government to have a greater control over the economy. - Among the many economic factors during globalization, the role of transnational corporations (TNCs) is particularly important.
- Since July 1991, the Indian economy has witnessed a series of reforms in all major sectors of the economy (agriculture, industry, trade, foreign investment and technology, public sector, financial institutions, etc). The basic assumption was that greater integration into the global market would be beneficial to Indian ,economy.
- The process of liberalization also involved the taking of loans from international institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF). These loans are given on certain conditions. The government makes commitments to pursue certain kind of economic measures that involve a policy of structural adjustments. These adjustments usually mean cuts in state expenditure on the social sector such as health, education and social security. There is also a greater say by international institutions such as the World Trade Organisaiton (WTO).
Q3. Briefly discuss the impact of globalisation on culture.
Answer: In many ways, our culture is affected by globalisation. Right from the early ages, India had adopted an open approach to cultural influences and the Indian culture has been enriched because of this. In the last decade, we have seen major cultural changes and it was feared that our local cultures would be overtaken by globalised culture. Earlier, our cultural tradition was very reserved and had no connection with the outside world.
It hardly knew anything else and was suspicions of everything. Fortunately we have not retained our old attitude till today. There have been some hot debates in our society not just about political and economic issues but also about changes in styles, clothes, films, music, body language, language, etc. Many social reformers and early nationalists of the 19th century also debated on culture and tradition. The issues todays are the same, but in different ways. What is perhaps the difference is the intensity and scale of change.
Q4. What is globalisation? Is it simply a market strategy adopted by multinational companies or is genuine cultural synthesis taking place ? Discuss.
Answer: Glocalisation means the mixing of the global with the local. It is neither completely spontaneous nor is it completely delinked from the commercial interests of globalisation. The main contention of glocalisation is that all cultures will become similar meaning homogenous. Some say that there is an increasing tendency towards glocalisation of culture.
It is actually a policy followed by foreign companies while dealing with local traditions to enhance the marketing of their products.
We can see in India, all the international T.V. channels like MTV, Channel V, Star, CN, etc. use Indian languages. Even McDonalds does not sell any beef products in India instead they sells only chicken and vegetarian products. McDonald’s serves only vegetarian during the Navaratri festival. In the field of music, we can see the growth of popularity of Indi pop, Bhangra pop, fusion music and even remixes. It is also a form of glocalisation.
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