We have completed the NCERT/CBSE Solutions chapter-wise for Class 9 Science Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources with Answers by expert subject teacher for latest syllabus and examination. Prepare effectively for the exam taking the help of the Class 9 Science NCERT Solutions PDF free of cost from here. Students also can take a free NCERT Solutions of Improvement in Food Resources. Each question has right answer Solved by Expert Teacher. Download the Science NCERT Solutions with Answers for Class 9 Science Pdf and prepare to help students understand the concept very well.
NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter wise
Questions
Q1. What do we get from cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables?
Answer:
- Cereals provide us with carbohydrates. Also, they are a rich source of energy.
- Pulses give us proteins.
- Fruits and vegetables are a rich source of vitamins and minerals. A small amount of proteins, carbohydrates, and fats are also present in them.
Questions
Q1. How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?
Answer: 2 major factors that affect the crop are:
- Biotic factors like insects, rodents, pests, and many more spread the disease and reduce crop production.
- Abiotic factors like humidity, temperature, moisture, wind, rain, flood and many more destroy the crop raised.
Q2. What are the desirable agronomic characteristics for crop improvements?
Answer: They are different for different crops.
Cereals should be dwarf but with large ears. Dwarfness makes their stem stronger. They can withstand lodging effect of strong winds. Nutrient requirement is also less. Large ears produce more grains.
Legumes should have more pods which generally develop in relation to stem branching. Therefore, more branching and good foliage increase their productivity.
Fodder crops meant for feeding catde must have profuse branching, good foliage, juicy stems and large size.
Questions
Q1. What are macro-nutrients and why are they called macro-nutrients?
Answer: utrients that are required by plants in larger quantities for their growth are called macronutrients. There are six macronutrients required by plants – nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and Sulphur. Physiological processes including reproduction, growth, and susceptibility to diseases in plants are affected by the deficiency of these nutrients.
Q2. How do plants get nutrients?
Answer: Plants require sixteen essential nutrients from nature for their growth and development. All these nutrients are obtained from air, water, and soil. Soil is the major source of nutrients. Thirteen of these nutrients are available from soil. The remaining three nutrients (carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen) are obtained from air and water.
Questions
Q1. Compare the use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.
Answer:
- The manures enrich the soil with nutrients.
- They provide a lot of organic matter (humus) to the soil and thus restores water retention capacity of sandy soils and drainage in clayey soil.
- The addition of manures reduces soil erosion.
- They provide food for soil organisms, like soil friendly bacteria and help in the increase of natural microflora.
Q1. Which of the following conditions will give the most benefits? Why?
(a) Farmers use high-quality seeds, do not adopt irrigation or use fertilizers.
(b) Farmers use ordinary seeds, adopt irrigation and use fertilizer.
(c) Farmers use quality seeds, adopt irrigation, use fertilizer and use crop protection measures.
Answer: Farmers using good quality seeds, adopting irrigation, using fertilizers, and using crop protection measures will derive most benefits.
- The use of good quality seeds increases the total crop production. If a farmer is using good quality seeds, then a majority of the seeds will germinate properly, and will grow into a healthy plant.
- Proper irrigation methods improve the water availability to crops.
- Fertilizers ensure healthy growth and development in plants by providing the essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc.
- Crop protection measures include various methods to control weeds, pests, and infectious agents. If all these necessary measures are taken by a farmer, then the overall production of crops will increase.
Q1. Why should preventive measures and biological control methods be preferred for protecting crops?
Answer: Over exposure of chemicals leads to environmental problems hence, biological methods are preferred for protecting crops from pathogens, insects and rodents along with increasing the production. Since chemicals are harmful for plants and also for the animals which feed on it, hence bio-pesticides are used as the safe way of crop protection.
Q2. What factors may be responsible for losses of grains during storage?
Answer:
- Rodents
- Pests
- Insects
- Fungi
- Bacteria
- Sunlight
- Flood
- Rain
- Temperature
- Moisture
Q1. Which method is commonly used for improving cattle breeds and why?
Answer: Cross breeding indigenous breeds with exotic breeds. Foreign or exotic breeds have higher milk yield and longer lactation period as compared to indigenous breeds. Therefore, indigenous breeds should be cross¬bred with exotic breeds. The local breeds are hardy and resistant to several diseases. There are two methods of cross breeding — natural and artificial insemination. Artificial insemination is preferred as frozen semen can be transported, required in small quantity and protects the cows from contagious diseases.
Q1. Discuss the implications of the following statement:
“It is interesting to note that poultry is India’s most efficient converter of low fibre food stuff (which is unfit for human consumption) into highly nutritious animal protein food.”
Answer: In India, Poultry is considered to be the foremost efficient converter of low fibre foodstuff into highly nutritious animal protein food. Poultry farming is practised in India to raise domestic fowl for egg production and chicken meat. Therefore, the development of improved poultry breeds occurs which are farmed to produce layers for eggs and broilers for meat. Animal feeds are given in the form of roughage to the fowls which mainly consists of fibres. Thus, the poultry gives highly nutritious food in the form of eggs and chicken if feeding is done in the animals with a fibre-rich diet.
Q1. What management practices are common in dairy and poultry farming?
Answer: ayersare meant for egg production, whereas broilers are meant for poultry meat. Nutritional, environmental, and housing conditions required by broilers are different from those required by egg layers.
A broiler chicken, for their proper growth, requires vitamin rich supplements especially vitamin A and K. Also, their diet includes protein rich food and enough fat. They also require extra care and maintenance to increase their survival rate in comparison to egg layers.
Q2. What are the differences between broilers and layers and in their management?
Answer: Layers are meant for egg production, whereas broilers are meant for poultry meat. Nutritional, environmental, and housing conditions required by broilers are different from those required by egg layers. A broiler chicken, for their proper growth, requires vitamin rich supplements especially vitamin A and K. Also, their diet includes protein rich food and enough fat. They also require extra care and maintenance to increase their survival rate in comparison to egg layers.
Q1. How are fish obtained?
Answer: Fishes are obtained in two ways:
Capture fishing: obtaining fishes from natural resources
Culture Fishery: culturing of fishes in freshwater ecosystem like river, pond and lake also including marine.
Q2. What are the desirable characters of bee varieties suitable for honey production?
Answer: Bee varieties having the following desirable characters are suitable for honey production:
- They should yield high quantity of honey.
- They should not sting much.
- They should stay in the beehive for long durations.
- They should breed very well.
Q1. What are the advantages of composite fish culture?
Answer:
- There is no competition for food or space amongst different types of fish.
- Food available in different parts of the pond are utilised due to their different food habits and different habitats.
- The fish yield is high as some six types of fish are growing simultaneously.
Q2. What is pasturage and how is it related to honey production?
Answer: The flowers which are available to the bees for nectar and pollen collection are called pasturage. It is related to the production of honey as the taste and quantity of honey are determined by pasturage.
Excercise
Q1. Explain any one method of crop production which ensures high yield.
Answer: Crop rotationis one of the methods of crop production that ensures high yield. It is the method of growing two or more varieties of crops on the same land in sequential seasons. A crop utilises some particular nutrients in larger quantities from the soil. Then, if the same crop is grown in subsequent seasons those nutrients will get depleted in the soil. Therefore, crops having different nutrient requirements are rotated. For example, legumes which have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules supply the soil with nitrogen. Therefore, these legumes are rotated with nitrogen requiring cereals such as wheat and maize. This method reduces the need of fertilizers, thereby increasing the overall yield of crops.
Q2. Why are manures and fertilizers used in fields?
Answer: Manures and fertilizers are used in fields to enrich the soil with the required nutrients. Manure helps in enriching the soil with organic matter and nutrients. This improves the fertility and structure of the soil. On the other hand, fertilizers ensure a healthy growth and development in plants. They are a good source of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. To get an optimum yield, it is instructed to use a balanced combination of manures and fertilizers in the soil.
Q3. What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
Answer: nter-Cropping
- Checks pests and rodents and hence decreases the chances of spoiling of whole crops.
- Decreased chances of soil erosion.
- Reduced loss of crops with high yield.
- Less water requirement.
Crop-rotation
- Farmers can grow two or three crops annually.
- Pulses take nitrogen directly from the atmosphere, and hence require minimal amount of fertilizers.
- Both fruits and Vegetables can be grown easily.
- Best use of land with proper supply of nutrients.
Q4. What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
Answer: Genetic manipulation is incorporation of new genes for various traits from other genotypes into a crop variety so as to bring about desired change. It is carried out by means of hybridisation, mutation breeding, polyploidy and DNA recombination technology.
Uses:
In agriculture, higher yield can be obtained only by employing higher yielding varieties, improved farming practices, modern technology, latest agricultural machines and implements, nutrient supply, etc. All these require high cost and knowledge of new techniques and improvements. Therefore, a farmer’s purchasing capacity for inputs determines the cropping system and production practices.
Q5. How do storage grain losses occur?
Answer: There are various biotic and abiotic factors that act on stored grains and result in degradation, poor germinability, discolouration, etc. Biotic factors include insects or pests that cause direct damage by feeding on seeds. They also deteriorate and contaminate the grain, making it unfit for further consumption. Abiotic factors such as temperature, light, moisture, etc., also affect the seed. They decrease the germinating ability of the seeds and make them unfit for future use by farmers. Unpredictable occurrence of natural calamities such as droughts and floods also causes destruction of crops.
Q6. How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers?
Answer: Cattle farming is one of the methods of animal husbandry that is most beneficial for farmers. Using this method, better breeds of draught animals can be produced. Such draught animals are engaged in agricultural fields for labour work such as carting, irrigation, tilling, etc.
Q7. What are the benefits of cattle farming?
Answer: Benefits of cattle farming are:
- Cattles are used in agricultural purpose
- Generation of good quality cattle
- Milking and meat purpose
- Skin of cattle is used for leather and wool industry
Q8. For increasing production, what is common in poultry, fisheries and bee-keeping?
Answer: The common factor for increasing production in poultry, fisheries, and bee keeping is the proper management techniques that are to be followed. Regular cleaning of farms is of utmost importance. Maintenance of temperature and prevention and cure of diseases is also required to increase the number of animals.
Q9. How do you differentiate between capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture?
Answer: Capture fishing: It is a technique in which fishes are captured from various sources of natural resources like sea, rives, lake and pond.
Mariculture: culturing of fish in marine fishes like prawns, oyster, bhetki and mullets in marine water for commercial use.
Aquaculture: Involved in culturing of fish in both marine and fresh water.
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