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CBSE Solutions Class 10 Social Science Civics Gender Religion and Caste
Page No. 55
Exercises
Q1. Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
Answer: (i) Sexual division of labour at home and public places.
(ii) Gender bias in distribution of income or remuneration.
(iii) Gender bias in share of patriarchal or ancestral property.
(iv) In the field of education and political representation.
Q2. State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
Answer: Different forms of communal politics are-
(i) The most common expression of communal politics is in everyday beliefs. These involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief in the superiority of one’s religion over other religions. Example— Militant religious groups.
(ii) A communal mind aspires for political dominance of one’s own religious community. For those belonging to majority community, this takes the form of majoritarian dominance. For those belonging to the minority community, it can take the form of a desire to form a separate political unit. Example— Separatist leaders in Jammu and Kashmir desire to form a separate state.
(iii) Political mobilisation on religious lines is also a form of communal politics. This involves the use of religious symbols and leaders, emotional appeal and fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political domain. Example— Many of our politicians apply this technique to influence voters from major religious communities.
(iv) Communal politics sometimes takes the form of communal violence, riots and massacre.
Example- The riots in India at the time of the partition in 1947, the riots of Gujarat in 2002, in Muzaffarnagar in 2013, etc.
Q3. State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Answer: Even now most people marry within their own castes or tribes. Untouchability has not ended completely, despite constitutional prohibition. Effects of centuries of advantages and disadvantages continue to be felt today.
Q4. State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
Answer: While caste matters in electoral politics, but it alone cannot determine the outcome of the results. There are many other factors that determine the election result like-
- Voters have strong attachment to political parties which is often stronger than their attachment to their caste or community.
- People within the same caste or community have varying interests depending on their economic condition. Rich and poor or men and women from the same caste may vote very differently.
- People’s assessment of the performance of the government and the popularity rating of the leaders matter and are often decisive in elections.
Q5. What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
Answer: In India, the proportion of women in the legislature has been very low. For example, the percentage of elected women members in Lok Sabha has never reached even 10 percent of its total strength. Their share in the state assemblies is less than 5 percent. In this respect, India is among the bottom group of nations in the world. India is behind the averages for several developing countries of Africa and Latin America. In the government, cabinets are largely all-male even when a woman becomes the Chief Minister or the Prime Minister.
Q6. Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
Answer: – The fundamental right to the freedom of religion clearly states that one has a right to practise, profess and propagate any religion.
- Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion is one of the tenets in the constitution under the fundamental right to equality.
Q7. When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:
(a) Biological difference between men and women
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
(c) Unequal child sex ratio
(d) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies
Answer: (b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
Q8. In India seats are reserved for women in
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) State Legislative Assemblies
(c) Cabinets
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies
Answer: (d) Panchayati Raj bodies
Q9. Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:
(a) One religion is superior to that of others.
(b) People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
(c) Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
(d) State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B, C and D
(b) A, B and D
(c) A and C
(d) B and D
Answer: (c) A and C
Q10. Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It
(a) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion
(b) gives official status to one religion
(c) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion
(d) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities
Answer: (b) gives official status to one religion
Q11. Social divisions based on __ are peculiar to India.
Answer: caste
Q12. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
| List I | List II |
| 1) A person who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men 2) A person who says that religion is the principal basis of community 3) A person who thinks that caste is the principal basis of community 4) A person who does not discriminate others on the basis of religious beliefs | A. Communalist B. Feminist C. Secularist D. Castiest |
1 2 3 4
(a) B C A D
(b) B A D C
(c) D C A B
(d) C A B D
Answer:
(b) B A D C
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