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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Civics Chapter wise
Page No. 4
Excercises
Q1. Which of the following statements about the reasons for conducting elections are false?
(a) Elections enable people to judge the performance of the government.
(b) People select the representative of their choice in an election.
(c) Elections enable people to evaluate the performance of the judiciary.
(d) People can indicate which policies they prefer.
Answer: (c) Elections enable people to evaluate the performance of the judiciary.
Q2. Which of these is not a good reason to say that Indian elections aredemocratic?
(a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.
(b) India’s Election Commission is very powerful.
(c) In India, everyone above the age of 18 has a right to vote.
(d) In India, the losing parties accept the electoral verdict.
Answer: (a) India has the largest number of voters in the world.
Q3. Match the following:
| (a) It is necessary to keep the voters’ list up to date because (b) Some constituencies are reserved for SCs and STs so that (c) Everyone has one and only one vote so that (d) Party in power is not allowed to use government vehicles because | (i) there is a fair representation of all sections of our society (ii) everyone has equal opportunity to elect their representatives (iii) all candidates must have a fair chance of competing in elections (iv) some people may have moved away from the area where they voted last |
Answer:
| (a) It is necessary to keep the voters’ list up to date because (b) Some constituencies are reserved for SCs and STs so that (c) Everyone has one and only one vote so that (d) Party in power is not allowed to use government vehicles because | (iv) some people may have moved away from the area where they voted last (i) there is a fair representation of all sections of our society (ii) everyone has equal opportunity to elect their representatives (iii) all candidates must have a fair chance of competing in elections |
Q4. List all the different election related activities mentioned in the chapter and arrange them in a time sequence, beginning with the first activity and ending with the last. Some of these activities are given below: releasing election manifestos; counting of votes; making of voters’ list; election campaign; declaration of election results; casting of votes; ordering of re-poll; announcing election schedule; filing nomination.
Answer: Making of voters’ list → Announcing election schedule → Releasing election manifesto → Election campaign → Filing nomination → Casting of votes → Ordering of re- poll → Counting of votes → Declaration of election results.
Q5. Surekha is an officer in-charge of ensuring free and fair elections in an assembly constituency in a state. Describe what should she focus on for each of the following stages of election:
(a) Election campaign
(b) Polling day
(c) Counting day
Answer:
(a) Election campaign:
- Sulekha should ensure that the candidates are not bribing the voters.
- She should ensure that no candidate appeals for votes in the name of caste and religion.
- She should make sure that no candidate uses government resources for campaigning.
- No candidate should be allowed to spend more than 25 lakhs in a constituency for the Lok Sabha elections.
(b) Polling day:
- Sulekha should ensure that voting takes place in a fairway.
- No unfair means like booth capturing should take place.
- Once the polling is over, EVMs should be sealed and taken to a secure place.
(c) Counting day:
- On a fixed day, only EVMs from constituency should be opened.
- The agents of all contestants should ensure that counting is done properly.
- If she finds any foul play, an objection can be raised to the Election Commission, which will verily it and may go for re-polling in that constituency.
Q6. The table below gives the proportion of different communities among the candidates who won elections to the US Congress. Compare these to the proportion of these communities in the population of the US.Based on this, would you suggest a system of reservations in the US Congress? If yes, why and for which communities? If no, why not?
Answer: Blacks and Hispanics should be given reservation in the US Congress as per their percentage in the US population.
Q7. Can we draw the following conclusions from the information given in this chapter? Give two facts to support your position for each of these.
(a) Election Commission of India does not have enough powers to conduct free and fair elections in the country.
(b) There is a high level of popular participation in the elections in our country.
(c) It is very easy for the party in power to win an election.
(d) Many reforms are needed to make our elections completely free and fair.
Answer:
(a) No. The given conclusion for the Election Commission cannot be drawn because:
(i)Election Commission released the code of conduct for elections and has the power to punish whoever violates them.
(ii) During elections, the election in-charge works under the Election Commission of India and not the government.
(b) Yes, the given conclusion can be drawn because:
(i) Voters-turnout has soared in the past few years
(ii)There has been an increase in people’s participation in election-related activities
(c) No, it is not the right conclusion
(i) The ruling party in one election loses the power in the next
(ii) Despite a lot of expenditure in the election campaign, candidates lose
(d) Yes, the conclusion is fair because:
(i) Reforms will make it easier for small parties to face no major challenge in fighting an election
(ii)To stop candidates’ facing criminal charges from running an election
Q8. Chinappa was convicted for torturing his wife for dowry. Satbir was held guilty of practicing untouchability. The court did not allow either of them to contest elections. Does this decision go against the principles of democratic elections?
Answer: A person who is convicted for a crime by the court, has no right to be a part of the society, hence they have no right to participate in the election. No, this decision will not go against the principles of democratic elections.
Q9. Here are some reports of electoral malpractices from different parts of the world. Is there anything that these countries can learn from India to improve their elections? What would you suggest in each case?
(a) During an election in Nigeria, the officer in charge of counting votes deliberately increased the votes of one candidate and declared him elected. The court later found out that more than five lakh exercises votes cast for one candidate were counted in favour of another.
(b) Just before elections in Fiji, a pamphlet was distributed warning voters that a vote for former Prime Minister, Mahendra Chaudhry will lead to bloodshed. This was a threat to voters of Indian origin.
(c) In the US, each state has its own method of voting, its own procedure of counting and its own authority for conducting elections. Authorities in the state of Florida took many controversial decisions that favoured Mr. Bush in the presidential elections in 2000. But no one could change those decisions.
Answer: (a) In this case, representatives of each candidate should be present to make sure that the votes are counted in a fair way.
(b) The election commission should set up an enquiry into the case and debar the candidate or party involved in distributing such pamphlets.
(c) There should be a single election commission which should be free from political influence and should be responsible for conducting elections throughout the country.
Q10. Here are some reports of malpractices in Indian elections. Identify what the problem in each case is. What should be done to correct the situation?
(a) Following the announcement of elections, the minister promised to provide financial aid to reopen the closed sugar mill.
(b) Opposition parties alleged that their statements and campaign was not given due attention in Doordarshan and All India Radio.
(c) An inquiry by the Election Commission showed that electoral rolls of a state contain name of 20 lakh fake voters.
(d) The hoodlums of a political party were moving with guns, physically preventing supporters of other political parties to meet the voters and attacking meetings of other parties.
Answer: (a) As per the code of conduct that a candidate has to obey during the election, they should not announce any promises. Hence, in this case, the Election Commission should take this up with the minister.
(b) Election Commission should ensure free and fair representation to all parties in the government-owned media.
(c) Election Commission should announce re-elections, as the presence of fake votes shows the vote-rigging.
(d) Election Commission should ban the party, as use of muscle power and money power is totally illegal.
Q11. Ramesh was not in class when this chapter was being taught. He came the next day and repeated what he had heard from his father. Can you tell Ramesh what is wrong with these statements?
(a) Women always vote the way men tell them to. So what is the point of giving them the right to vote?
(b) Party politics creates tension in society. Elections should be decided by consensus not by competition.
(c) Only graduates should be allowed to stand as candidates for elections.
Answer: (a) This statement is false, since the policy of secret ballot makes sure that an individual can vote for whoever he/she wants. Women are fully capable of taking their own decisions and selecting the candidate they like.
(b) Competition can work as both a deterrent and motivator for the political candidates. A risk and fear of losing the election and a motivation for winning the elections works in favour of people.
(c) Educational qualification is not necessary and required to understand the people’s needs. Therefore, there is no need for politicians to complete their graduation.
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