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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Chapter wise
Page No. 74
Questions
Q1. Describe the problems faced by the Weimar Republic.
Answer: The defeat of Imperial Germany at the hands of the Allied powers in World War I led to the abdication of the emperor Wilhelm II. This gave an opportunity to parliamentary parties to recast the German polity.
Thus, a National Assembly met at the town of Weimar to form a republic with a democratic constitution and a federal structure. But this newborn republic was not well received by its own people for the following reasons:
(I) The Allied imposed a harsh and humiliating treaty at Versailles, which squarely placed the blame of starting World War I on Germany’s soldiers. It was the Weimar Republic that signed the treaty much to the displeasure of the German populace.
(II) Germany lost all of its overseas colonies and a tenth of its population, along with 75% of its iron and 26% of its coal to France, Poland, Denmark and Lithuania.
(III) The War Guilt Clause held Germany responsible for the war and the subsequent damage it caused in the Allied nations. They were forced to pay compensation of £6 billion in total. Due to the loss of most of its revenue-generating colonies, Germany was unable to repay the amount.
(IV) Due to the failure to pay compensation, the Allied Armies occupied the resource-rich Rhineland for a time. The Weimar Republic reacted to this by printing paper currency in large numbers to pay off the huge debt. This led to hyperinflation and the eventual collapse of the economy.
(V) Coupled with the humiliation of a foreign power occupying German territory and economic collapse, the German public held the new Weimar Republic responsible for the defeat in world war I and accepting the disgrace at Versailles.
Q2. Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Answer: The following reasons made Nazism popular in Germany in the 1930s:
- The democratic governments could not solve the economic crisis of the country and left abruptly. Thus, people were fed up with weak governments.
- Adolf Hitler promised the people to uphold the condition and dignity of Germany. This instilled hopes in the minds of the people.
- The Nazi party did not let other parties to gain grounds and hence, people listened only to the Nazis.
Q3. What are the peculiar features of Nazi thinking?
Answer: Nazi ideologies were
- There is no equality among people.
- The Nordic German Aryans were the best race.
- the Jews were considered the lowest rate.
- Nazism believed in the survival of the fittest.
- New territories had to be captured to enhance the motherland.
- New territories would enhance natural resources and make Germany a powerful nation.
- When the Nazi Party came to power it began to implement these ideologies.
Q4. Explain why Nazi propaganda was effective in creating a hatred for jews.
Answer: Nazi propaganda was effective in creating hatred for the jews because of two main reasons. Firstly, the Jews were stereotyped as killers of Christ. They had been barred since medieval times from ownership of land. Secondly, they were hated as usurers or money-lenders. Violence against jews, even inside their residential ghettos, was common. Hitler’s pseudo-scientific race theories made this hatred complete. His “solution” was the total elimination of all jews.
Q5. Explain what role women had in Nazi society. Return to Chapter 1 on the French Revolution. Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting the role of women in the two periods.
Answer: Role of women in Nazi society followed the rules of a largely patriarchal or male-dominated society. Hitler hailed women as “the most important citizen” in his Germany, but this was true for only Aryan women who bred pure-blood, “desirable” Aryans. Motherhood was the only goal they were taught to reach for, apart from performing the stereotypical functions of managing the household and being good wives. This was in stark contrast to the role of women in the French Revolution where women led movements and fought for rights to education and equal wages. They were allowed to form political clubs, and schooling was made compulsory for them after the French Revolution.
Q6. In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?
Answer: Nazi state sought to establish total control over its people in the below mentioned ways:
(i) With the passage of famous Enabling Act dictatorship in Germany was established. It gave Hitler all powers to sideline Parliament and rule by decree.
(ii) All political parties and trade unions were banned except for the Nazi Party and its affiliates. The state established complete control over the economy, media, army and judiciary.
(iii) Special surveillance and security forces were created to control and order society in ways that the Nazis wanted. Apart from the already existing regular police in green uniform and the SA or the Storm Troopers, these included the Gestapo (secret state police), the SS (the protection squads), criminal police and the Security Service (SD).
(iv) People could now be detained in Gestapo torture chambers, rounded up and sent to concentration camps, deported at will or arrested without any legal procedures. The police forces acquired powers to rule with impunity.
(v) Media was carefully used to win support for the regime and popularise its worldview. Nazi ideas were spread through visual images, films, radio, posters, catchy slogans and leaflets. In posters, groups identified as the ‘enemies’ of Germans were stereotyped, mocked, abused and described as evil.
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