NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Part B Chapter 1 Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition

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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Geography Part B Chapter 1 Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Composition

Q1. Choose the right answers of the followings from the given options:

(a) India’s population as per 2001 census is:

(i) 1028 million
(ii) 3182 million
(iii) 3287 million
(iv) 1210 million

Answer:- (iv) 1210 million

(b) Which one of the following states has the highest density of population in India?

(i) West Bengal
(ii) Kerala
(iii) Uttar Pradesh
(iv) Punjab

Answer:- (i) West Bengal

(c) Which one of the following states has the highest proportion of urban population in India according to 2001 Census?

(i) Tamil Nadu
(ii) Maharashtra
(iii) Kerala
(iv) Gujarat

Answer:- (i) Tamil Nadu

(d) Which one of the following is the largest linguistic group of India?

(i) Sino – Tibetan
(ii) Indo – Aryan
(iii) Austric
(iv) Dravidian

Answer:- (b) Indo – Aryan

Q2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

(a) Very hot and dry and very cold and wet regions of India have low density of population. In this light, explain the role of climate on the distribution of population.

Answer:- Climate plays a very crucial role in the distribution of population. Rainfall and temperature directly influence the population density and spatial distribution. Extreme weather conditions in states like Jammu and Kashmir, where the temperature falls below freezing point or in the Thar desert where temperatures are soaring high have low population density due to the harsh living
conditions.
In contrast, the regions of northern plains, deltas and coastal regions are regularly rain fed and are influenced by moderate climate which allows for better irrigation and agricultural development thereby resulting in higher population density.

(b) Which states have large rural population in India? Give one reason for such large rural population.

Answer:- States of Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, U.P., Bihar and Sikkim have very high percentage of rural population. The reason for high rural population is that these areas are the ones with low level of economic, social development and hence low level of infrastructural development, which tend to inhibit the process of urbanization. Also with sluggish growth people tend to be concentrated in the field of primary activities therefore.

(c) Why do some states of India have higher rates of work participation than others?

Answer:- Work participation rate is the number of people engaged in economic activities. Some states of India like Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh etc. tend to have higher work participation rate. The work participation rate tends to be higher in the areas of lower levels of economic development since number of manual workers are needed to perform the subsistence or near subsistence economic activities in the absence of other opportunities.

(d) The agricultural sector has the largest share of Indian workers.’ – Explain.

Answer:- Yes, it is right that the agricultural sector has the largest share of Indian workers.The share of agriculture in employment was 48.9 per cent of the workforce. In other words Agriculture is the principal source of livelihood for more than 58% of the population of this country. As per the Economic Survey the sector share in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 17.4 in 2015-16. Agriculture sector provides great employment opportunities for rural people/youth on a large scale for their livelihood and also provides an entrepreneurship.

Q3. Answer the following question in about 150 words.

(a) Discuss the spatial pattern of density of population in India.

Answer:- The spatial pattern of population distribution is uneven in India
(i) High Population : Uttar Pradesh has the highest population (20 crore). Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh have almost 50% population of the country. Delhi has more population than the population of all the Union Territories combined population

(ii) Low Population:

  • Madhya Pradesh has 14% area of the country, but only 7.6% population of India.
  • Himalayan region with 17% area covers only 2% population of India. Arunachal Pradesh has the lowest density of population (17 persons per sq. km.).
  • Central India, vast areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka has moderate density of population. Therefore, the spatial distribution of population depends on physical, economic, social and historical factors.

(b) Give an account of the occupational structure of India. ?

Answer:- The population of India, according to occupational status, can be classified as main workers, marginal workers and non-workers. The proportion of workers (main and marginal) is only 39.8 per cent (2011). This indicates an economic status in which there is a larger proportion (60%) of dependent population.
Proportion of working population ranges from about 39.6 per cent in Goa to about 49.9 per cent in Daman and Diu. The states with larger percentages of workers are Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur and Meghalaya. Among the Union Territories, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu have higher participation rate.

In India, the work participation rate is higher in the areas of lower levels of economic development since in these regions more number of manual workers are needed to perform subsistence economic activities. This is also because India is largely a labor-intensive country.
The primary sector employs much larger proportion of people than the manufacturing and tertiary sector. About 54.6 per cent of total working population are cultivators and agricultural labourers, whereas only 3.8% of workers are engaged in household industries and 41.6 % are other workers including non-household industries, trade, commerce, construction and repair and other services. There is a need for diversification and shift in this trend.

Extra Questions of Geography Part B Chapter 1 Population: Distribution, Density, Growth and Compositio

Q1. Which state has lowest population in India ?

Answer:- Sikkim—6.07 lakhs.

Q2. State three clusters of high density of population.

Answer:- Northern plain, East-coastal plain and Deltas.

Q3. Name two types of population growth.

Answer:- (i) Negative growth rate. When the population decreases.
(ii) Positive growth rate. When the population increases.

Q4. Which state has the highest percentage of rural population ?

Answer:- Arunachal Pradesh (94.50%).

Q5. What do you mean by urbanisation ?

Answer:- The process of society, transformation from a rural to urban population is known as urbanization.

Q6. Which is the most urbanised state of India ?

Answer:- Goa (49.77%).

Q7. What is the total number of males and females in India ?

Answer:- Males—62 crores
Females—59 crores.

Q8. What is the average sex ratio in India ?

Answer:- 940 females per 1000 males.

Q9. Which state has the highest sex’ ratio in India ?

Answer:- Kerala—1084 females per 1000 males.

Q10. The primitive communities societies lived in complete harmony with their natural environment and as such the humans were naturalised. Support the statement.

Answer:- (i) The primitive society live in complete harmony with their natural environment.
(ii) It is realized that in all such cases nature is a powerful force worshipped, severed and conserved.
(iii) There is direct dependence of human beings on nature for resources which sustain them.

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