We have Provided the NCERT/CBSE Solutions chapter-wise for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 6 Work, Life, and Leisure with Answers by expert subject teacher for latest syllabus and examination. Students can take a free NCERT Solutions of Work, Life, and Leisure. Each question has right answer Solved by Expert Teacher.
CBSE Solutions Class 10 Social Science Work, Life, and Leisure
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Q1. Give two reasons why the population of London expanded from the middle of the eighteenth century.
Answer: (a) London dockyards employed a large number of people which led to increase in population of London.
(b) Five major types of industries, viz., clothing and footwear, wood and furniture, metals and engineering, printing and stationery, and precision products were set up which attracted people from neighbouring areas.
Q2. What were the changes in the kind of work available to women in London between the nineteenth and the twentieth century? Explain the factors which led to this change.
Answer: The factors which led to this change were-
(i) The nineteenth century witnessed technological developments. So, women gradually lost their industrial jobs, and were forced to work within households. The 1861 census recorded a quarter of a million domestic servants in London, of whom the vast majority were women.
(ii) A large number of women used their homes to increase family income by taking in lodgers or through such activities as tailoring, washing or matchbox making.
(iii) The situation changed when the First World War broke out. Women once again came out of their homes and got employement in war time industries and office
Q3. How does the existence of a large urban population affect each of the following? Illustrate with historical examples.
(a) A private landlord
Answer: A private landlord benefits by increasing the rent and he has more control over the price. The rising population would lead to increasing demand for space, e.g. renting of buildings at high rates were common in London and Bombay.
(b) A Police Superintendent in charge of law and order
Answer: A Police Superintendent in charge of law and order: The existence of a large urban population creates law and order problems for a Police Superintendent. For example, the population of London increased from 675,000 in 1750 to four million in 1880. At that time i.e., in the 1870s, there were about 20,000 criminals in the city. It was a great problem and the police was worried about this. Crime had become an object of widespread concern. Philanthropists were anxious about public morality, and industrialists wanted a hardworking and orderly labour force. In such a situation the job of the Police Superintendent incharge of law and order was tough.
(c) A leader of a political party
Answer: The existence of a large urban population implies the simultaneous presence of several social problems, such as problems of housing, food, water, etc. These issues become policial issues when they are taken up by political parties. A political party and its leaders can mobilise the masses to support them in these political causes. This was the case in nineteenth-century London as well.
Q4. Give explanations for the following:
(a) Why well-off Londoners supported the need to build housing for the poor in the nineteenth century.
Answer: (i) Living in slums was very dangerous for the labourers. They lived upto an average age of 29 years as compared to the average life expectancy of 55 among the higher and the middle classes.
(ii) Such slums were not only harmful for the slum dwellers, but they were also a threat to the public health, and could easily lead to any epidemic,
(iii) Poor housing could prove a great fire hazard and could engulf other areas in the fire disaster.
(iv) Especially, after the Russian Revolution of 1917. it was felt that poor housing could lead to any social disaster, and could lead to rebellions by the poor slum dwellers.
(v) Lack of proper houses was also increasing the pollution level.
(b) Why a number of Bombay films were about the lives of migrants.
Answer: Most of the people in the Bombay film industry were themselves migrants who came from cities like Lahore, Calcutta, Madras and contributed to the national character of the industry. Being migrants, they could easily represent the life of migrants.
(c) What led to the major expansion of Bombay’s population in the mid-nineteenth century.
Answer: Bombay became the capital city of the Bombay Presidency in 1819, so it attracted more and more people towards it. With the growth of trade in cotton and opium, large communities of traders and bankers as well as artisans and shopkeepers came to settle in Bombay.
Discuss
Q1. What forms of entertainment came up in nineteenth century England to provide leisure activities for the people.
Answer: (i) There had long been an annual ‘London Season’ for wealthy Britishers. In the late eighteenth century, several cultural events, such as the opera, the theatre and classical music performances were organised for an elite group of 300-400 families.
(ii) There were pubs for the working classes. They came here to have a drink, exchange news and sometimes also to organise for political action.
(iii) Many new types of large-scale entertainment for the common people came into being with the establishment of libraries, art galleries and museums in the nineteenth century.
(iv) Music halls were popular among the lower classes, and by the early twentieth century, cinema became the great mass entertainment for mixed audiences.
(v) British industrial workers were interested in spending their holidays by the sea to derive the benefits of the sun and bracing winds.
Q2. Explain the social changes in London which led to the need for the Underground railway. Why was the development of the Underground criticised?
Answer: The development of suburbs as a part of the drive to decongest London led to the extension of the city beyond the range where people could walk to work. Though these suburbs had been built, the people could not be persuaded to leave the city and stay far away from their places of work in the absence of some form of public transport. The Underground railway was constructed to solve this housing problem. It was criticized intially because:
- A newspaper reported the danger to health and asphyxiation (lack of air) and heat.
- It was referred to as iron monsters, which added to the mess of the city. Charles Dickens in ‘Dombey and Son’ described its destructive process in construction.
- About 900 houses were destroyed to make two miles of railways.
Q3. Explain what is meant by the Haussmanisation of Paris. To what extent would you support or oppose this form of development? Write a letter to the editor of a newspaper, to either support or oppose this, giving reasons for your view.
Answer: Haussmannization of Paris: It simply means that the new city o: Pahs was designed by the chief architect of the new Paris. At the instance of Napoleon 111 (a nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte). Haussmann built the new city of Paris for a continuous 17 years (between 1852 ro 1869). He designed straight, broad avenues (or boulevards), and open spaces and transplanted full-grown trees. By 1370. about one-fifth of the streets of Paris were the creation of Haussmann. In addition, night patrols were introduced, bus shelters were built, and tap water was introduced.
The opposition of Haussmannization: Many opposed this form o: development About 3.50.000 people were evicted from the centre of Paris. Some said that the city of Paris had been monstrously transformed. Some lamented the passing of an earlier way of life and the development of upper-class culture. Others believed that Haussmann had killed the street and its life to produce an empty boring city.
Arguments in Support of Haussmannization: The new Pans city soon got converted into a civic pride as the new capital became the toast of all of Europe. Paris became the hub of many new architectures. social and intellectual developments that were very influenced through the 20th century in many parts of the world.
Letter to the Editor to Self Explanatory.
Q4. To what extent does government regulation and new laws solve problems of pollution? Discuss one example each of the success and failure of legislation to change the quality of
(a) public life
(b) private life
Answer: Regulation and new laws of government had a mixed history of success and failure as follows:
(a) Smoke was not easy to monitor or measure, and the factory owners were not ready to spend on technologies that would improve their machines.
(b) The Smoke Abatement Acts of 1847 and 1853 failed to clean the air.
(c) Calcutta had a long history of air pollution, however, in 1863, it became the first Indian city to get smoke muisance legislation.
(d) The inspectors of the Bengal Smoke Nuisance Commission finally managed to control industrial smoke, controlling domestic smoke was not easy.
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