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CBSE Solutions Class 10 Social Science Geography Minerals and Energy Resources
Page No: 63
Q1. Multiple choice questions
(i) Which one of the following minerals is formed by decomposition of rocks, leaving a residual mass of weathered material?
(a) coal
(b) bauxite
(c) gold
(d) zinc
Answer: (b) bauxite
(ii) Koderma, in Jharkhand is the leading producer of which one of the following minerals?
(a) bauxite
(b) mica
(c) iron ore
(d) copper
Answer: (b) mica
(iii) Minerals are deposited and accumulated in the stratas of which of the following rocks?
(a) sedimentary rocks
(b) metamorphic rocks
(c) igneous rocks
(d) none of the above
Answer: (a) sedimentary rocks
(iv) Which one of the following minerals is contained in the Monazite sand?
(a) oil
(b) uranium
(c) thorium
(d) coal
Answer: (c) thorium
Q2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.
(i) Distinguish between the following in not more than 30 words.
(a) Ferrous and non-ferrous minerals
Answer: Ferrous minerals are the metallic minerals containing iron. For e.g.- Iron ore, Manganese, Nickel, Cobalt etc.
While non-ferrous minerals are also metallic, but they do not contain iron. For e.g.- Manganese, Nickel, Cobalt etc.
(b) Conventional and non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer: Conventional sources of energy include firewood, cattle dung cake, coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity (both hydel and thermal).
While non-conventional sources of energy are solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas and atomic energy.
(ii) What is a mineral?
Answer: Geologists define mineral as a “homogeneous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure.” Rocks are the treasure of minerals. Minerals are found in varied forms in nature, ranging from the hardest diamond to the softest talc.
(iii) How are minerals formed in igneous and metamorphic rocks?
Answer: In igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals may occur in the cracks, crevices, faults or joints. They are formed when minerals in liquid/ molten and gaseous forms are forced upward through cavities towards the earth’s surface. They then solidify as they rise towards the surface. and form veins or lodes. Minerals like tin, copper, zinc and lead etc. are obtained from veins and lodes.
(iv) Why do we need to conserve mineral resources?
Answer:
- It takes millions of years for the formation of minerals.
- The geological processes of mineral formation are so slow that the rates of replenishment are infinitely small in comparison to the present rates of consumption.
- Mineral resources are finite and non-renewable. We can easily infer from the above points that conservation of mineral resources is essential.
Q3. Answer the following questions.
(i) Describe the distribution of coal in India.
Answer: In India coal occurs in rock series of two main geological ages, namely Gondwana, a little over 200 million years in age and in tertiary deposits which are only about 55 million years old. The major resources of Gondwana coal, which are metallurgical coal, are located in Damodar Valley (West Bengal Jharkhand). Jharia, Raniganj, and Bokaro are important coal fields. The Godawari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys also contain coal deposits.
Tertiary coal occurs in the north-eastern states of Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland. Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Orissa produce 67 per cent of total coal. Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh account for 30 per cent of total coal production.
(ii) Why do you think that solar energy has a bright future in India?
Answer: Solar energy has a bright future in India because –
- India being a tropical country receives sunlight in abundance throughout the year.
- Solar plants can be easily established in rural and remote areas.
- It will minimize the dependence of rural households on firewood and dunk cakes which in turn will contribute to environmental conservation and adequate supply of manure in agriculture.
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